Lapitekiuniversum: suured tasandid ja ümarad kihid galaktikate superparvede jaotuses.
Meie kosmilises lähiümbruses on rikaste galaktikate superparvede ruumjaotuses näha mustreid - superparved moodustavad pea-aegu korrapärase võrgustiku, milles saab eristada suuri tasandeid ja ümaraid kihte. Nende hulgas on Kohalik superparvede tasand ja sellega risti olev Domineeriv superparvede tasand (Einasto+ 1983, 1994, 1997; Peebles 2022, 2023, 2024). Iseloomulik kaugus rikaste superparvede vahel selles mustrison 120 - 140 (h-1)Mpc. Sloani Digitaalse taevaülevaate poolt kaetud taevaalal saab seda korrapärast mustrit kirjeldada kui läbipõimunud ümaraid kihte; Einasto+ (2016) kirjaldas kuut niisugust kihti. Üks neist on nüüd leitud ka CosmicFlows andmete abil (Tully+ 2023). Tully+ tõlgendasid seda kui märki barüonvõnkumistest, aga see on vähetõenäoline. Praegu ei ole teada, mis protsessid selliseid mustreid tekitavad, ja kas nad onkooskõlas kosmoloogilise standardmudeliga.
Patchwork Universe: huge planes and shells of galaxy superclusters - a challenge for cosmology?
In the local Universe rich galaxy clusters and superclusters form a quasiregular pattern with two huge perpendicular planes with extent of several hundreds of megaparsecs, the Local Supercluster plane and the Dominant supercluster plane (Einasto+ 1983, 1994; 1997; Peebles 2022, 2023, 2024). The characteristic distance between superclusters in this pattern is 120 - 140 h(-1) Mpc. In the region of space covered by the Sloan Digital Sky survey the supercluster pattern can be described as a set of intertwined shell-like structures (Einasto+ 2016). One of these shells has also been detected using CosmicFlows IV data by Tully+ (2023). Tully+ interpreted this as a BAO signature, with the value of the Hubble constant approximately 77 km s(-1) Mpc(-1). However, this structure is different from what is expected from possible BAO shells. The origin of these patterns in the supercluster distribution is not yet clear, and it is an open question whether they can be explained within the LCDM cosmological model.