⚗️ Analytical Methods & Protocols
This page lists key analytical techniques used in bioarchaeology, especially in isotope, residue, and proteomic analysis. Each method links to a dedicated subpage describing instrumentation, principles, and relevance to ancient biomaterials.
🔬 Mass Spectrometry & Chromatography
| Method | Description |
|---|
| GC-MS | Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Separates and identifies compounds in complex mixtures; widely used in lipid residue analysis. |
| LC-MS/MS | Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. High-sensitivity technique for protein and metabolite identification. |
| GC-c-IRMS | Gas Chromatography–Combustion–Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. Used for compound-specific stable isotope analysis. |
| GC-FID | Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection. Common in quantitative analysis of fatty acids and hydrocarbons. |
| GC-SIM | Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry with Selective Ion Monitoring. Enhances sensitivity for targeted compounds. |
🧪 Isotope Analysis
| Method | Description |
|---|
| IRMS | Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. Measures ratios of stable isotopes (e.g. δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N) in organic and inorganic materials. Often used in diet and mobility studies. |
🧫 Proteomics Sample Preparation
| Method | Description |
|---|
| SP3 protocol | Solid-Phase-enhanced Sample Preparation (SP3). A bead-based method for efficient protein cleanup and digestion in low-input proteomics. |